Transparency

Sources & methodology

Every technical specification on this site was checked against a standards body, trade association or manufacturer document. This page says where each claim comes from, and — just as importantly — which figures are editorial judgment rather than measured data.

How to read this site

Three tiers of confidence

Not everything here carries the same weight, and pretending otherwise would be dishonest.

Verified standards

Test methods, rating scales and code thresholds — DCOF, PEI, AC, Janka, ASTM and ADA limits. Traceable to a published standard or the association that maintains it. Cited below.

Price ranges

Cross-checked across several 2026 cost aggregators and mill price lists. Real ranges, but national averages — regional variation of ±20–40% is normal and your bids will differ.

Editorial ratings

The 1–5 scores for durability, water, comfort, quiet, DIY, environment and maintenance. No published index assigns these. They are our judgment, calibrated relative to each other so the comparison tool ranks sensibly.

What this site is not

It is not a substitute for a manufacturer's technical data sheet, a specification written by a design professional, or a bid from a licensed installer. Warranty terms, tested assembly ratings and product certifications change by SKU and by year. Always confirm against current documentation for the specific product before you buy or specify.

Primary references

Standards bodies & trade associations

These are the organizations that write and maintain the numbers used throughout the site. If you are specifying professionally, go to these rather than to us.

OrganizationCoversUsed on this site for
TCNA
Tile Council of North America
Ceramic, glass and stone tile installation methods DCOF threshold, deflection limits (L/360 ceramic, L/720 stone), uncoupling and membrane practice, grout selection, substrate flatness for tile 15"+ (1/8" in 10 ft, 1/16" in 24"), and the 33% maximum running-bond offset for plank
ANSI
A137.1, A326.3, A108
Ceramic tile specifications and slip-resistance test method Wet DCOF ≥ 0.42, water-absorption classes (impervious ≤0.5%, vitreous 0.5–3%, semi-vitreous 3–7%, non-vitreous >7%)
NWFA
National Wood Flooring Association
Wood flooring installation, sanding, finishing Janka reference values, 30–50% RH at 60–80 °F, acclimation and moisture-content tolerances
CRI
Carpet and Rug Institute
Carpet performance, testing and indoor air quality Average pile yarn density formula and thresholds, Green Label Plus certification
NALFA
North American Laminate Flooring Association
Laminate flooring standard LF-01 The distinction between NALFA certification and the European AC scale
RFCI
Resilient Floor Covering Institute
Resilient flooring, FloorScore certification Indoor air quality certification, resilient category definitions
NTMA
National Terrazzo & Mosaic Association
Terrazzo systems and guide specifications 3/8" nominal epoxy terrazzo thickness, divider-strip practice, system types
Natural Stone Institute Dimension stone selection, installation, care Calcareous versus siliceous behavior, sealing and etching guidance
ICRI
Guideline 310.2R
Concrete surface preparation for coatings CSP 1–10 profiles and which coating type needs which profile
ASTM International Test methods F2170 and F1869 moisture limits, F710 substrate prep, E648 flame spread, E662 smoke, E492/E90 acoustics, C373 absorption
US Access Board
2010 ADA Standards
Accessible design Section 302 carpet pile ≤ 1/2", Section 303 level changes
ICC
International Building Code
Building code, Section 1206 sound transmission STC/IIC 50 laboratory, 45 field, between dwelling units
Audit trail

What verification changed

Publishing the corrections matters as much as making them. Every item below was wrong or imprecise in an earlier draft of this site and has been fixed against the source named.

ClaimWasNowSource
Indoor humidity for wood35–55% RH 30–50% RH at 60–80 °FNWFA
Engineered wear-layer refinishes3 mm = one refinish; 4–6 mm = two to three 2 mm = one to two; 3 mm = two to three; 4 mm = three to four; 6 mm ≈ solidMill and fabricator guidance; ~0.5–1 mm removed per refinish
Concrete profile for epoxyCSP 2–4 CSP 1–2 thin sealers, 3–5 high-build, 6+ overlaysICRI 310.2R
Slab RH limit"Most adhesives cap at 75–85%" F2170 caps at 75% unless the manufacturer states otherwise; some allow 80–85%ASTM F2170
Entry matting capture80% in the first 12 feet ~80% across 12–15 feet counting outside and inside the doorCommercial matting industry guidance
Terrazzo service life"75+ years documented" Life of the building; 50-year installations still in serviceSoftened — the 75-year figure was not traceable to NTMA
Nylon 6 vs 6,66,6 "more resistant to stains" ~20% higher tensile strength and 12% surface hardness, but modern topical treatments narrow the practical gap considerablyCommercial carpet performance comparisons
Carpet density thresholds"Above 3,000 good, above 5,000 commercial" Typical range 1,000–7,000; CRI recommends ≥5,000 for extra-heavy trafficCRI
AC ratingsAC1–AC5, no cycle counts AC1–AC6 with Taber cycle minimums; NALFA LF-01 does not use ACEN 13329, NALFA
Lifecycle cost tablePresented as data Labelled as an illustrative model, with the one sourced row identifiedHonesty
Confirmed correct on review

Checked and unchanged: Janka values for the listed species, PEI classes 1–5, tile water-absorption classes, wet DCOF 0.42, deflection limits L/360 and L/720, vinyl wear-layer tiers (6/8/12 mil residential, 20–30 mil commercial), ASTM E648 Class I 0.45 and Class II 0.22 W/cm², ADA carpet pile and level-change limits, ASTM F1869 3 lbs/1,000 sq ft/24 hr, the carpet density formula, and 3/8" nominal epoxy terrazzo.

Cost data

Where the prices come from

Ranges are US national averages for mid-2026, covering material plus professional installation labor per square foot. Each was cross-checked across at least two independent aggregators.

Cost aggregators consulted

  • HomeGuide — flooring installation, carpet, LVP, terrazzo, vinyl
  • Homewyse — sheet vinyl, linoleum, vinyl tile, marble calculators
  • Angi — natural stone, Marmoleum, terrazzo, carpet replacement
  • HomeAdvisor — general flooring cost index
  • Regional flooring contractors and commercial maintenance providers for labor and upkeep rates

What moves your actual price

  • Region — coastal metros commonly run 20–40% above these figures, rural markets below
  • Substrate condition, which is unknown until demolition
  • Demolition, disposal, moisture mitigation and subfloor prep
  • Stairs, transitions, room count and pattern complexity
  • Installer availability and time of year

The project calculator carries these as separate line items for that reason.

Manufacturer documentation

Mills and manufacturers referenced

Product-level specifications — wear layers, warranty structures, core construction, tested hardness — were checked against published documentation from major US mills and manufacturers.

Resilient & vinyl

Shaw (Floorté, Premio, Classico), Mohawk (SolidTech), COREtec (Plus, Pro), Armstrong Flooring, Tarkett, Forbo (Marmoleum) — wear-layer tiers, core types and residential versus commercial warranty structures.

Carpet

Shaw, Mohawk, Interface, Tarkett, Milliken — fiber systems, solution dyeing, modular backing construction, attic-stock practice.

Tile & stone

Daltile, Marazzi, Crossville, MSI — PEI and DCOF published values, rectified edges, through-body construction, large-format substrate requirements.

Wood

Mirage, Kährs, Shaw, Mohawk — species hardness, veneer and wear-layer construction, finish systems, acclimation and humidity requirements.

Resinous & concrete

Sherwin-Williams industrial, Laticrete, Sika — system types, slip resistance, moisture mitigation, surface-preparation requirements.

Installation systems

Schluter, Laticrete, Custom Building Products — uncoupling membranes, grout chemistry, deflection and flatness tolerances.

A note on manufacturer figures

Mill-published numbers are accurate for the product tested and are also marketing. Janka values above 3,000, "lifetime" warranties and headline acoustic ratings all deserve a second look: ask what was tested, under what assembly, and what the warranty actually covers after year one. Where a figure on this site comes from manufacturer testing rather than an independent standard, it is labelled as such.

Found something wrong?

Specifications change, standards get revised, and no reference is error-free. If a figure here does not match current manufacturer or association documentation, we would rather know.